Detection

There are specific tests and examinations that can be done to increase the chances of finding breast cancer early in the disease. The principal tests include mammograms, clinical breast exams, and breast self-exams.

Mammogram

The American Cancer Society (ACS) recommends that women age 40 years and older should have a screening mammogram every year. A mammogram is an x-ray of the breast. During mammography, your breast is placed between two plates and compressed as the x-ray is taken. You may feel discomfort as the plates press on the breast, but it will last only a few seconds. A doctor will read the mammogram and look for abnormalities. If the doctor detects any abnormality or change in the mammogram, you may have to undergo additional testing. A mammogram can detect many, but not all, cases of breast cancer. Sometimes additional tests may be needed, such as a breast MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) or ultrasound.

Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Breast magnetic resonance imaging, or MRI, uses magnetic fields instead of x-rays to create a picture. An MRI produces clearer images of your breast to help detect abnormalities.

Ultrasound

An ultrasound is used to determine if a lump is a solid mass or a fluid-filled cyst. It uses sound waves to create a picture of body tissues and fluids.

Clinical breast exam

A clinical breast exam is a physical exam done by a health care professional, such as a physician, nurse practitioner, or physician's assistant. The clinician will look at the breasts for any changes in size, shape, color, or smoothness. He or she will then closely feel each breast and underarm for any lumps or abnormalities. If there are any unusual findings, the clinician may recommend additional testing.

The ACS recommends that women in their 20s and 30s have a clinical breast examination (CBE) by a health professional at least every three years. Women 40 years and older should have a CBE every year.

Monthly breast self-exam

A breast self-exam (BSE) is similar to a clinical breast exam except that you perform the examination yourself. Your doctor can show you how to examine your breasts for lumps. Women 20 years and older should do a monthly BSE. The ACS recommends a monthly BSE so that women can become familiar with how their breasts normally feel, making it easier to detect any changes. It's best to do a BSE when the breasts aren't swollen or tender. You should tell your doctor right away if you find any changes in your breasts. You will most likely need a clinical breast exam and additional testing, such as a mammogram.